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81.
几种表面活性剂对柴油及多环芳烃的增溶作用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究表面活性剂在多种柴油HOCs(疏水性有机物)组分共存条件下对PAHs(多环芳烃)的增溶作用.选用阴离子表面活性剂LAS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)和SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠),非离子表面活性剂TX 100(曲拉通X-100)和TW 80(吐温80)及生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂和烷基糖苷,评价表面活性剂对柴油的增溶效果,并筛选出LAS,TX 100和鼠李糖脂,进行柴油中PAHs的增溶试验.结果表明,表面活性剂对柴油增溶作用顺序为鼠李糖脂> TX 100 >烷基糖苷> TW 80> LAS>SDS.在多种柴油组分共存条件下,PAHs的表观溶解度与表面活性剂浓度具有良好的线性关系.表面活性剂对柴油中PAHs的增溶作用顺序为鼠李糖脂> TX 100 > LAS.鼠李糖脂具有较低的临界胶束浓度和较复杂的分子结构,能够形成更多、更大的胶束,有利于柴油及PAHs的增溶. 相似文献
82.
鼠李糖脂对土壤中原油降解的促进 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从辽河油田石油污染的土壤中筛选、驯化得到三株对辽河原油具有较高降解效果的菌种(H1,H2,H3),选取对原油降解率最高的菌株H1为供试菌种,以受原油污染的天津滨海地区典型土壤(淤泥质粉质粘土夹粉砂)为供试土样,考察了不同浓度下鼠李糖脂对菌种H1生长、原油增溶和降解效果的影响.结果表明,鼠李糖脂对菌种H1无毒性,其对原油增溶效果明显,原油溶解度随着鼠李糖脂浓度的增加而增加.降解动力学实验结果表明,原油的降解符合指数常数模型.鼠李糖脂能明显促进土壤中原油的降解,缩短降解周期,大大提高修复效率. 相似文献
83.
84.
Mechanical Property and Biodegradability of Cast Films Prepared from Blends of Oppositely Charged Biopolymers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M.?O.?Rutiaga L.?J.?Galan L.?H.?Morales S.?H.?Gordon S.?H.?ImamEmail author W.?J.?Orts G.?M.?Glenn K.?A.?Ni?o 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2005,13(2):185-191
Biodegradable cast films of about 50 m thickness were fabricated by blending oppositely charged biopolymers such as anionic starch–chitosan, and cationic starch–pectin. The tensile strength and elongation at break (%) of films were evaluated as well as their capacity to degrade in compost. Films recovered from soil every 48 h showed consistent degradation (weight loss), diminution of the polymers characteristic peak absorbance in the carbohydrate fingerprint region of the FTIR, and changes in the surface morphology via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Anionic starch–chitosan films had much superior tensile strength and elongation compared to cationic starch–pectin, suggesting that the ionic bonds formed between anionic-starch and positively charged groups in chitosan polymer were much more stable and stronger. Initially, both films lost about 36% weight within 96 h, which also correlated well with the loss in the characteristic absorption peaks in the region of the infrared spectrum typical of biopolymers. The total mineralization of films by microorganisms in compost soil was also measured using respirometric techniques. Though the rate of mineralization differed for two formulations, total mineralization (extent) for both films were achieved within 45 days. 相似文献
85.
The extracellular enzyme secretion and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in agitated and shallow stationary liquid cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Veratryl alcohol and Tween80 were added to cultures as lignin peroxidase (LIP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) inducer, respectively. Shallow stationary cultures were suitable for the production of enzyme, whereas agitated cultures enhanced overall biodegradation by facilitating interphase mass transfer of PAHs into aqueous phases. The use of a LIP stimulator, veratryl alcohol, did not increase PAH degradation but significantly enhanced LiP activity. In contrast, Tween80 increased both MnP secretion and PAH degradation in shallow stationary cultures. On the other hand, high PAH degradation was observed in agitated cultures in the absence of detectable LIP and MnP activities. The results suggested that extracellular peroxidase activities are not directly related to the PAH degradation, and the increased solubility rather than enzyme activity may be more important in the promotion of PAH degradation. 相似文献
86.